Octachlorinated Metal Phthalocyanines (M = Co, Zn, VO): Crystal Structures, Thin-Film Properties, and Chemiresistive Sensing of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide

Octachlorinated Metal Phthalocyanines (M = Co, Zn, VO): Crystal Structures, Thin-Film Properties, and Chemiresistive Sensing of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Full article

Journal

Sensors
ISSN: 1424-8220

Output data

Year: 2026, Volume: 26, Number: 1, Article number : 8, Pages count : 22 DOI: 10.3390/s26010008

Authors

Kamdina Tatiana ^1,2 , Klyamer Darya ¹ , Sukhikh Aleksandr ¹ , Popovetskiy Pavel ¹ , Krasnov Pavel ³ , Basova Tamara ¹

Affiliations

1	Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
2	Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
3	International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 26 Kirensky St., 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia

Octachlorinated metal phthalocyanines (MPcCl8, M = Co, Zn, VO) represent an underexplored class of functional materials with promising potential for chemiresistive sensing applications. This work is the first to determine the structure of single crystals of CoPcCl8, revealing a triclinic (P-1) packing motif with cofacial molecular stacks and an interplanar distance of 3.381 Å. Powder XRD, vibrational spectroscopy, and elemental analysis confirm phase purity and isostructurality between CoPcCl8 and ZnPcCl8, while VOPcCl8 adopts a tetragonal arrangement similar to its tetrachlorinated analogue. Thin films were fabricated via physical vapor deposition (PVD) and spin-coating (SC), with SC yielding highly crystalline films and PVD resulting in poorly crystalline or amorphous layers. Electrical measurements demonstrate that SC films exhibit n-type semiconducting behavior with conductivities 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than PVD films. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate the experimental findings, predicting band gaps of 1.19 eV (Co), 1.11 eV (Zn), and 0.78 eV (VO), with Fermi levels positioned near the conduction band, which is consistent with n-type character. Chemiresistive sensing tests reveal that SC-deposited MPcCl8 films respond reversibly and selectively to ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at room temperature. ZnPcCl8 shows the highest NH3 response (45.3% to 10 ppm), while CoPcCl8 exhibits superior sensitivity to H2S (LOD = 0.3 ppm). These results suggest that the films of octachlorinated phthalocyanines produced by the SC method are highly sensitive materials for gas sensors designed to detect toxic and corrosive gases.

Kamdina T. , Klyamer D. , Sukhikh A. , Popovetskiy P. , Krasnov P. , Basova T.
Octachlorinated Metal Phthalocyanines (M = Co, Zn, VO): Crystal Structures, Thin-Film Properties, and Chemiresistive Sensing of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide
Sensors. 2026. V.26. N1. 8 :1-22. DOI: 10.3390/s26010008

Published print:

Jan 7, 2026

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